Kurikulum Merdeka Dalam Pembelajaran Matematika: Refleksi Kritis terhadap Wacana dan Praktik Pendidikan

Elsha Riyani Saragih; Ayu Majulestari Tampubolon; Yeyen Julfriyana Sitorus; Jatenra Holan Jaya Hutahaean; Putri Julfriyana Purba; Christa Voni Roulina Sinaga

doi:10.66867/as.v3i2.121

Authors

Elsha Riyani Saragih Universitas HKBP Nommensenn Pematangsiantar
Ayu Majulestari Tampubolon Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar
Yeyen Julfriyana Sitorus Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar
Jatenra Holan Jaya Hutahaean Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar
Putri Julfriyana Purba Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar
Christa Voni Roulina Sinaga Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.66867/as.v3i2.121

Keywords:

Reflection, Independent Curriculum, Mathematics Education

Abstract

This study aims to critically analyze the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka (Independent Curriculum) in mathematics education, focusing on the alignment between policy discourse and classroom practices. Utilizing a literature review approach, this research examines relevant national and international sources and synthesizes findings related to the challenges, innovations, and reflective practices surrounding the curriculum implementation. The analysis reveals that although the Kurikulum Merdeka promotes flexible, contextual, and student-centered learning, its practical application still encounters pedagogical, cultural, and structural barriers. Innovations such as project-based learning, ethnomathematics integration, and digital media utilization offer promising strategies, yet these remain hindered by insufficient teacher readiness and systemic support. This study recommends strengthening teachers’ professional capacities, transforming school learning cultures, and conducting further practice-based research to authentically embed the spirit of independent learning into mathematics instruction in a sustainable manner.

References

Abbas, A., Marhamah, M., & Rifa’i, A. (2021). The Building of Character Nation Based on Islamic Religion Education in School. Journal of Social Science, 2(2), 107–116. https://doi.org/10.46799/jss.v2i2.106

Adelia Putri Lubis, Carlia Dermasari Sirait, Elvi Mailani, Luciana Chris May Purba, Maya Alemina Ketaren, & Sofia Maharaja. (2024). Efektivitas Pembelajaran Matematika Berbasis Etnomatematika Untuk Penguatan Nilai Budaya. Algoritma : Jurnal Matematika, Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Kebumian Dan Angkasa, 2(5), 228–235. https://doi.org/10.62383/algoritma.v2i5.242

Aljawarneh, S. A. (2020). Reviewing and exploring innovative ubiquitous learning tools in higher education. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 32(1), 57–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-019-09207-0

Asikainen, M. A., & Hirvonen, P. E. (2010). Finnish Cooperating Physics Teachers’ Conceptions of Physics Teachers’ Teacher Knowledge. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 21(4), 431–450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10972-010-9187-y

Chang, T.-S., Wang, H.-C., Haynes, A. M., Song, M.-M., Lai, S.-Y., & Hsieh, S.-H. (2022). Enhancing student creativity through an interdisciplinary, project-oriented problem-based learning undergraduate curriculum. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 46, 101173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101173

Chua, K., & Islam, M. (2021). The hybrid Project-Based Learning–Flipped Classroom: A design project module redesigned to foster learning and engagement. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education, 49(4), 289–315. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306419019838335

Cirneanu, A.-L., & Moldoveanu, C.-E. (2024). Use of Digital Technology in Integrated Mathematics Education. Applied System Innovation, 7(4), 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/asi7040066

Conceição, A. C. (2021). Dynamic and Interactive Tools to Support Teaching and Learning. Mathematical and Computational Applications, 27(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/mca27010001

Daimah, U. S., & . S. (2023). Pembelajaran Matematika pada Kurikulum Merdeka dalam Mempersiapkan Peserta Didik di Era Society 5.0. Sepren, 4(02), 131–139. https://doi.org/10.36655/sepren.v4i02.888

Diniyati, I. A., Ekadiarsi, A. N., Salsabila, Herdianti, I. A. H., Amelia, T., & Wahidin. (2022). Etnomatematika: Konsep Matematika pada Kue Lebaran. Mosharafa: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 11(2), 247–256. https://doi.org/10.31980/mosharafa.v11i2.703

Falaq, Y. (2020). Education of Citizenship in Higher Education as A Fortress of Nation Characters in Facing Era Society 5.0. Journal of Educational Sciences, 4(4), 802. https://doi.org/10.31258/jes.4.4.p.802-812

Hawwin Muzakki. (2021). Teori Belajar Konstruktivisme Ki Hajar Dewantara serta Relevansinya dalam Kurikulum 2013. Southeast Asian Journal of Islamic Education Management, 2(2), 261–282. https://doi.org/10.21154/sajiem.v2i2.64

Ilham, I. S., Kusmiyati Arum Ningsih, Siti Rachmah, & Rasilah Rasilah. (2024). IT-Based Media in Mathematics Learning in Elementary Schools. Journal of Mathematics Instruction, Social Research and Opinion, 3(3), 285–296. https://doi.org/10.58421/misro.v3i3.273

Jankvist, U. T., Clark, K. M., & Mosvold, R. (2020). Developing mathematical knowledge for teaching teachers: potentials of history of mathematics in teacher educator training. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 23(3), 311–332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10857-018-09424-x

Koskinen, R., & Pitkäniemi, H. (2022). Meaningful Learning in Mathematics: A Research Synthesis of Teaching Approaches. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 17(2), em0679. https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/11715

Kuzu, T. E. (2023). Language in mathematics education – On the epistemic and reconstructivistic facet of languaging processes in linguistically heterogenous groups of learners. Beta: Jurnal Tadris Matematika, 16(2), 55–84. https://doi.org/10.20414/betajtm.v16i2.474

Lu’luilmaknun, U., Anwar, A., Triutami, T. W., Salsabila, N. H., & Gunawan, G. (2021). Students’ Responses Toward the Use of Technology Learning Media in Mathematics. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1933(1), 012076. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1933/1/012076

Mainali, B. (2020). Representation in Teaching and Learning Mathematics. International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 9(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.1111

Manik, M. M. M. (2024). The Obstacles in Implementing the Independent Curriculum in Mathematics Learning: A Review from the Perspective of Social Constructivism Philosophy and Progressive Educators. International Journal on Advanced Science, Education, and Religion, 7(4 SE-Articles). https://doi.org/10.33648/ijoaser.v7i4.700

Meisuri, M., Hidayah, N., Kalifah, D. R. N., Yanti, Y., El Fiah, R., Negara, H. S., Aini, N., & Prakoso, A. S. (2025). The Role of the Independent Curriculum in Developing Students’ Creative and Innovative Skills in the Era of Society 5.0. RADEN INTAN: Proceedings on Family and Humanity, 2(1), 355–364. https://doi.org/10.47352/3032-503x.87

Mills, R., Bourke, T., & Siostrom, E. (2020). Complexity and contradiction: Disciplinary expert teachers in primary science and mathematics education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 89, 103010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.103010

Nicomse, N., & Naibaho, T. (2022). PENGUATAN LITERASI DAN NUMERASI UNTUK MENDUKUNG PROFIL PELAJAR PANCASILA SEBAGAI INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA. Sepren. https://doi.org/10.36655/sepren.v4i0.841

Nilimaa, J. (2023). New Examination Approach for Real-World Creativity and Problem-Solving Skills in Mathematics. Trends in Higher Education, 2(3), 477–495. https://doi.org/10.3390/higheredu2030028

Nisa, S., Sri Lena, M., Safitri, S., & Anas, H. (2023). Implementasi Guru Melaksanakan Kurikulum Merdeka dalam Pembelajaran Matematika di SD. Science and Education Journal (SICEDU), 2(2), 266–272. https://doi.org/10.31004/sicedu.v2i2.115

Nugroho, D., Wirawan, W., Febriantania, P., & Ridaningsih, I. (2023). A Sistematic Literature Review : Implementasi Asesmen Diagnostik pada Kurikulum Merdeka. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 9(2), 50–61. https://doi.org/10.37286/ojs.v9i2.197

Nurhidayati, R. (2024). Inovasi Teknologi Digital Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pembelajaran: Systematica Literature Review. Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 9(4), 685–717.

Polman, J., Hornstra, L., & Volman, M. (2021). The meaning of meaningful learning in mathematics in upper-primary education. Learning Environments Research, 24(3), 469–486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-020-09337-8

Rijal, A., Aswarliansyah, A., & Waluyo, B. (2025). Effectiveness of differentiated learning in mathematics: insights from elementary school students. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 19(1), 241–248. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v19i1.21806

Rona. (2025). DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT IN THE INDEPENDENT CURRICULUM : A LITERATURE REVIEW. International Journal of Teaching and Learning (INJOTEL), 3(6), 1028–1039.

Sahara, S., Dolk, M., Hendriyanto, A., Kusmayadi, T. A., & Fitriana, L. (2023). Transformation geometry in eleventh grade using digital manipulative batik activities. Journal on Mathematics Education, 15(1), 55–78. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v15i1.pp55-78

Simanjuntak, S. D., Tinambunan, R., Imelda, I., Sembiring, R. K., & Sitepu, I. (2023). Effectiveness of Differentiation Learning Strategies in Mathematics Learning at Junior High School. Edunesia: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 4(1), 247–258. https://doi.org/10.51276/edu.v4i1.310

Sorge, S., Kröger, J., Petersen, S., & Neumann, K. (2019). Structure and development of pre-service physics teachers’ professional knowledge. International Journal of Science Education, 41(7), 862–889. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2017.1346326

Susanti, D., Retnawati, H., Arliani, E., & Irfan, L. (2023). Peluang dan tantangan pengembangan asesmen high order thinking skills dalam pembelajaran matematika di indonesia. Jurnal Inovasi Pembelajaran Matematika: PowerMathEdu, 2(2), 229–242. https://doi.org/10.31980/powermathedu.v2i2.3096

Therborn, G. (2021). States, Nations, and Civilizations. Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences, 14(2), 225–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40647-020-00307-1

Timotheou, S., Miliou, O., Dimitriadis, Y., Sobrino, S. V., Giannoutsou, N., Cachia, R., Monés, A. M., & Ioannou, A. (2023). Impacts of digital technologies on education and factors influencing schools’ digital capacity and transformation: A literature review. Education and Information Technologies, 28(6), 6695–6726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11431-8

Yosief, A., Sulieman, M.-S., & Biede, T. (2024). Improving the practices of teacher educators through collaborative action research: challenges and hopes. Educational Action Research, 32(2), 204–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/09650792.2022.2066147

Yulianti, L., Trimurtini, T., Subali, B., & Ellianawati, E. (2025). Research Trends in Digital Media Development for Mathematics Subjects in Primary Schools Between 2015-2025. Edunesia : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 6(3), 1482–1504. https://doi.org/10.51276/edu.v6i3.1342

Zahwa, N., Hilda, N. R., Astuti, T. K., Weryani, W., Prasetyawati, Y., Zulkardi, Z., Nuraeni, Z., & Sukmaningthias, N. (2022). Studi Literatur: Implementasi Merdeka Belajar Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pembelajaran Matematika Selama Pandemi. Biormatika : Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan, 8(1), 110–119. https://doi.org/10.35569/biormatika.v8i1.1186